Python question: string of binary to an actual binary number ... base 16- or base 8-represented strings and ints). In Python 2, strings are byte sequences, and ASCII encoding is assumed by default. Before we get in to converting strings to numbers, and converting numbers to strings, let's first see a bit about how strings and … In Python 3, strings are assumed to be Unicode, and there’s a separate bytes type that acts more like a Python 2 string. However, the solution is simpler than that. Instead of integer_to_binary_string, I would prefer a shorter name such as int_to_bin. uint:n n bits as an unsigned integer. Using a base64 encoding table, assign the respective base64 character for each decimal value. int:n n bits as a signed integer. Oddly (considering Python's "include all the things!" ord() does the right thing: >>> ord(' ') 32 >>> 0b00100000 32 >>> Here is a little more information to illustrate what is happening to each character of the string inside the list comprehension: log2 is inaccurate for large values and should be avoided if possible. The output from all the example programs from PyMOTW-3 has been generated with Python 3.7.1, unless otherwise noted. The encoded string: From: binary binary octal decimal hexadecimal Base-2 Base-3 Base-4 Base-5 Base-6 Base-7 Base-8 Base-9 Base-10 Base-11 Base-12 Base-13 Base-14 Base-15 Base-16 Base-17 Base-18 Base-19 Base-20 Base-21 Base-22 Base-23 Base-24 Base-25 Base-26 Base-27 Base-28 Base-29 Base-30 Base-31 Base-32 Base-33 Base-34 Base-35 Base-36 Method #1: Recursive solution Let's see how it works by converting the string "Python" to a Base64 string. If you wish to assume any encoding other than UTF-8, you’ll need to specify the encoding. This technique will work in Python 2.6+. The simplest way to do this is using the basic str(), int(), and float() functions. Both integer_to_reverse_binary and reverse_string are only used once. Convert the 6-bit binary groups to their respective decimal values. Examples : Input : 7 Output :111 Input :10 Output :1010. It reads from current bit position pos in the bitstring according the the format string and returns a single result. I'd just replace the usage with the body of the functions. In Python 3, then, you can do something like this: Interesting problem. In this example, you meant for the result to be 210, which is the decimal representation of the binary string. To convert a string to binary, you need to iterate over each character and convert it to binary. The struct module includes functions for converting between strings of bytes and native Python data types such as numbers and strings. The ASCII values of the characters P, y, t, h, o, n are 15, 50, 45, 33, 40, 39 respectively. You can use format(ord(x), 'b') to format the character x as binary. Convert a number or string x to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments are given. Convert between strings and binary data. Then join these characters together in a single string. Given a decimal number as input, the task is to write a Python program to convert the given decimal number into equivalent binary number. All you need to do is encode your string as binary: csv_str = DF.to_csv(index=None) # get string, rather than StringIO object self.client.files_upload(csv_str.encode(), path=path, mode=wmode) As seen in this answer, dropbox expects a bytes object, not a file, so converting to BytesIO will not help. On top of this, there are a couple of other ways as well. You might want to test your functions one by one. 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